History of Bioinformatics
Early bioinformatics: the birth of a disciplne ------ a personal view
Christos A. Ouzounis and Alfonso Valencia. Bioinformatics. 2003, 19(17): 2176-2190 [PDF]
Bioinformatics Milestones
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), USA
Listed below are some of the major events in bioinformatics over the last several decades. Most of the events in the list occurred long before the term, "bioinformatics", was coined. In most cases, links take the user to outside sites that provide further explanation of each event and access to related resources.
|
1962 |
Pauling's theory of molecular evolution |
| 1965 | Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequences |
| 1970 | Needleman-Wunsch algorithm |
| 1977 | DNA sequencing and software to analyze it (Staden) |
| 1981 | Smith-Waterman algorithm developed |
| 1981 | The concept of a sequence motif (Doolittle) |
| 1982 | GenBank Release 3 made public |
| 1982 | Phage lambda genome sequenced |
| 1983 | Sequence database searching algorithm (Wilbur-Lipman) |
| 1985 | FASTP/FASTN: fast sequence similarity searching |
| 1988 | National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) created at NIH/NLM |
| 1988 | EMBnet network for database distribution |
| 1990 | BLAST: fast sequence similarity searching |
| 1991 | EST: expressed sequence tag sequencing |
| 1993 | Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK |
| 1994 | EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK |
| 1995 | First bacterial genomes completely sequenced |
| 1996 | Yeast genome completely sequenced |
| 1997 | PSI-BLAST |
| 1998 | Worm (multicellular) genome completely sequenced |
| 1999 | Fly genome completely sequenced |
A brief history of bioinformatics
Jeff, Gauthier, Antony, et al. A brief history of bioinformatics.[J]. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 2018. [PDF]
Total amount of sequences on the NCBI GenBank and WGS (Whole Genome Shotgun) databases over time. The number of draft/incomplete genomes has surpassed the amount of complete genome sequences in June 2014, and stills continues to grow exponentially.
生物信息学
樊龙江，见：破译生命密码—基因工程（主编：周雪平 樊龙江 舒庆尧），“走进生物技术”丛书，杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002，136-143 [PDF]
有关生物信息学的几点误解
庞洪泉 樊龙江译，生物技术通报，2002，2：47-52 [PDF]
（译自“Two
or three myths about bioinformatics". Christos
Ouzounis. Bioinformatics, 2000,
16(3): 187-189)